Metformin

• For adults, the typical starting dose is 500mg per day, taken 2 to 3 times a day before or after meals.
• The maintenance dose is 750mg to 1,500mg per day, but it can be increased up to 2,250mg depending on your condition.
• If you are going to have a test that uses a contrast dye, stop taking metformin temporarily before and after the test. People with kidney problems need to be especially careful, as metformin can accumulate in the bloodstream.

• Weight Loss: Several studies have reported weight loss with metformin.
• Appetite Control: By increasing the secretion of GLP-1 hormones, it helps increase feelings of fullness, which can prevent overeating.
• Manage Blood Sugar : It helps stabilize blood sugar by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
• Boosting Fat Metabolism: It activates enzymes in the body, promoting the breakdown of fatty acids and inhibiting the synthesis of fat.
• Reducing Sugar Absorption: It reduces the absorption of sugar in the small intestine, preventing excessive calorie intake.
• Helping Muscles Use Sugar for Energy: It promotes energy consumption in muscles, reducing the storage of sugar as fat.

[Common Side Effects]
Metformin may cause the following side effects:

• Lactic acidosis: Symptoms can include gastrointestinal issues, fatigue, muscle pain, and rapid breathing.
• Hypoglycemia: The risk of low blood sugar may increase when taken with other diabetes medications.
• Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea and diarrhea may occur.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Long-term use can potentially cause anemia or changes in taste.

[Precautions]

• Strictly follow the dosage instructions and drink water regularly.
• Regularly undergo kidney function (eGFR, etc.) and liver function tests
• Avoid consuming alcohol too much
• If you are concerned about dehydration (fever, diarrhea, vomiting, poor diet, etc.), stop using the medicine and consult a doctor.
• Temporarily stop taking metformin before and after any tests using iodine contrast agents.
• People with kidney problems need to be especially careful, as Metformin levels may increase in the blood.
• If you notice signs of lactic acidosis, seek medical attention immediately.
• When using diuretics (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, diuretics), be especially cautious about dehydration.